Business Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Business Proposal - Assignment Example This business proposal concerns the introduction of a new private health insurance scheme in the country which will cater to the varying needs of the low to middle income group residents of the United States of America. An oligopolistic market is a market structure in which a handful of firms compete and overshadow. The insurance market in the United States of America is a highly competitive market. As per the principles of Economics, when a market sector is communicably connected between few dominating firms, then it becomes a highly competitive market. In an oligopolistic market, although a few companies dominate, there remains a possibility of a number of small companies operating in the same market. For example, in the health care insurance market of the United States of America, there are multinational companies like Blue Cross organizations, Etna and Kaiser who are the main players in the sector. However, in addition to this, there is also some small scale independent health care insurance coverage provided as a part of creating a support system for the low income groups of people. Also, there are small private insurance companies which provide specialty insurance services for disabled and ne edy people (Economics Online Ltd, 2014). This business proposal is focused on the emerging and existing demands in the market related to health insurance coverage. Also, the factor of the significance of health insurance coverage for the consumers and the manner in which premiums and coverage for these plans change in order to adapt to the external competitive environment are taken into consideration in the selected business proposal. A necessity of examining the results of certain quality metrics related to demands in the health care insurance market has been identified in the insurance market of the United States. The

Technology Effects Essay Example for Free

Technology Effects Essay â€Å"The fact is we didn’t get along well until photography came into its own. Then motion pictures in the early twentieth century. Radio. Television. Things began to have a mass. † This statement that Captain Beatty made while having a conversation with Guy Montag, was stating how the society had changed once the technology grew. Fahrenheit 451 is mainly about the effects of technology and its effects on humanity. It is also involves the topic, censorship, but that did not have much effect on the society as technology did. In fact it was because of the misusage of technology, censorship was even being focused on. In this society houses have parlour walls and in Montag’s house three of the parlour walls are covered with’ wall screens’ or large TV that covers the entire wall. Montag’s wife, Mildred, hardly ever stops watching them. Mildred’s favorite programs are the shows that involved scripts- she was given a script so that she could ‘become’ a part of the shows from her own living room. People in this society even called the actors on these programs their ‘family’. One day Montag was sick and he couldn’t handle the noise of the parlour, so he asked his wife to turn it off. Even in a situation like that she had rejected his request and replied, â€Å"That’s my family. † The TV separates one from the rest of the world. It even replaces the meaning of what family actually is. The society does not realize how this useless machine is hypnotizing people in dangerous way. Still there is a censorship that states owning and reading books are illegal. That does not even effect one- fourth of the society, because no one has time for it anyway. The majority of the society is too busy keeping up with all their TV programs. That is what is really affecting the people. In Fahrenheit 451, TV is not the only technology product that isolates someone from everyone else. Seashell Radios do it also. A seashell radio is a ear device that produces calm ocean sounds throughout the entire day. A person carried away with the relaxation of this cannot think about anything. And because they can’t hear other sounds , they don’t want to socialize with others. It allows them to be in their own world. With a device like the seashell radio, it is not reasonable to have a censorship idea that the people don’t have time to think. It is not that they actually don’t have time to think instead, they are simply not making time. If the seashell radio was not invented they more likely would have been able to think more.

The Airasia Marketing Concept Management Essay

The Airasia Marketing Concept Management Essay In the world of growing business competition, strategic management is where a process of certain level of management set goals and tactics in a firm. Strategic management provides overall direction of the functional areas of business firm department such as accounting, finance, production and marketing that allows the management to understand the concept of each operation level of management in the entire organization. Managers should also make the most from each organization level to achieve a best strengths and weakness in the environment. When this method is being applied, management seek answer to question regards to how, why and what will happened Airlines industry has help the industry in economic growth hence changing the life of people live and experience the world today Airlines operations interact among various officially permitted, community life, technology thus influencing management to make decision and actions This involved in relating the goals of the organization with the environment to a way of conscious and a planned method. AirAsia is one of the companies with a good strategic management and has becoming a low cost carrier airline which received several awards and recognition in the best low cost airlines in the world in year 2009. As of December 31, 2011, AirAsia Berhad (AsiaAsia) has engaged in providing transportation services which operates at a fleet of 90 aircraft. AirAsia operation flies over domestic and international destination with 108 routes and operates over 400 different daily flights which are located from different hubs. Those hubs are located in Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. AirAsia concept applies in no-frills, hassle-free, low fare business concept and their corporate values are Now Everyone Can Fly. Low Cost Airlines Simple Product Low Operating Cost Positioning Figure 1.0 AirAsia marketing concept. According to Daniel Chan market for airlines in Asia has been glomming to seek ways to compete each and another in the industry. Each of them has their own strategic management which allows them to achieve long terms objective and making them the best among their competitors. This has encourage AirAsia to consider strategic management program due to the current competition of Asia travel market and the need to have the urge to compete with their competitor which makes them only one of its kind in the industry. Four major functions of process which are planning, organizing, leading and controlling were no longer sufficient to support the current complex environment. This is because this process only managed the company internally but do not concentrate on the current environment which affecting the organization. Companies that adopt the four major functions were found that they were not successful in the current competitive market forces. On top of that, the organization only performs well in operation effective but not in strategy. Operation effectiveness and strategy are both similar but they only perform in a very different ways. Strategy is about the competitive market which the company performs different task in different ways of environment. Those tools are PESTEL, SWOT and Porter Five Forces. All of these tools analyses the macro and micro environment. Below diagram will further explain those tools. PESTEL DIAGRAM Political To fly outside Malaysia is not easy. Government political is one of the problem that low cost airlines faces. Landing charge and parking charges are very expensive and destination to Bangkok, Beijing, and Singapore is no cheaper than a backup airport. People are afraid to fly where threat of terrorism attack has happened before in the month of Sept 11 2001. Political stable where Asia country has no strikes, no wars and customer is free to plan their own traveling time. Economic Due to the stiff competition from MAS, AirAsia tend to offer lower pricing in tickets and a few flight routes to compete with the current economic. The rising of Asia middle class population growth has encourage customer to enjoy flying with a cheaper rate of tickets Malaysia Tourism and hospitality has boost AirAsia economic by advertising the brand name Social Has created a huge people awareness and exposure on traveling within a limited budget in Asia countries. This motivation was created with the AirAsia slogan Now everyone can fly AirAsia has created different living environment and culture by promoting different countries AirAsia commit to Safety First has outcome the fear of customer flying abroad due to the Outbreak of Several Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Technology AirAsia has the state of the art in IT technology which offers E-commerce. In Aug 2003, AirAsia become the first to offer SMS booking where the online service allows consumer to book ticket online, offer seat choosing and luggage check in. The website also offers viewing in six different languages. GO holiday was also launch to introduce customer to book holiday packages online via real time. AirAsia has bought in A320 to replace Boeing 737; which the new airbus has improved fuel efficiency, bigger overhead bin, lower maintenance and extra seat which proven to better performance and reliability. Environment The new purchase of A32 planes has an engine which burn less fuel technology which included lighter weight body. The new planes engine maintenance and wash program which proven to gain 1% to 2% efficiency. More improved pilot training which are being train to take-off and landing more efficiently AirAsia green methods is by adapt the paper containers and cups when they server food during the flight route. Legal Government policy has been set up to ensure that all government business trip to engage with MAS airlines. The budget airlines in south-east Asia is under-develop due to the market of aviation is control by the government right agreement. Customer has taken legal action towards AirAsia for failing to disclose the full price for some route location. Figure 1.0 Self created Pestel analysis Below diagram shows the SWOT analysis. The internal factor can be look into the strength and weakness of the company where else the external factors would be the opportunities and threats in the external environment. SWOT DIAGRAM STENGTHS WEAKNESS AirAsia has a very strong relationship with the government and airlines industry leaders The current management team is good in strategy formulation and implementation. The branding of AirAsia was well established in Asia Pacific. One of Asia cheapest Airlines which are low cost operations. The advance technology of the IT team such in emails alert and desktop alerts for a new promotion Multi-skilled staffed which are well equip and efficient in workforce. A single type of fleet which is easy to maintain and easy for pilot dispatch. AirAsia does not have own repair system, maintenance or overhaul (MRO) facility. Received a lot of complain from end user due to overwhelming of ticket purchases on festive season. Flights always delay due to improper time management. A fix-cost in perishable product which are the airlines seat. This will encourages the airlines to cut down price to attempt to fill empty seats at a lower price than rather flying at a half empty plane. No central location or backup airport. Branding is always an issue in placing in market position. OPPORTUNITIES THREATS There increasing of oil price creates an opportunities for AsiaAsia to capture new or existing customer which are on budget travelers. The ASEAN Open Skies program allows competition among regional airlines which creates partner with other low cost airlines for example Virgin has join in to create a brand name for AsiaAsia. Increase of population of Asian middle class will increase 700 million by 2013 which creates a huge opportunities for AsiaAsia to cater the need of user. Ongoing business prospect will open up new routes and new airport deals Rates such as airport departure, security charges and landing charges are elastic price which beyond the control of the airlines AirAsia profit margin is about 30% and this creates a new competitor to arise such as Tiger Airways. User safety point of view is neglected due to cheaper cost of ticket. User need to purchase a separated insurance for the ticket. Oil price fluctuations which affect the Aviation turbine fuel (ATF) and other operational cost. This will add cost to AirAsia since the total cost fuel is higher than 26% for low cost airlines compared to 20% for a full service airlines Lack of secondary backup airport infrastructure. Other countries like Europe have a secondary airport to avoid flying into mainland airports hence they can skip to pay high cost of landing fees. System always down due to high volume of online sales. Figure 2.0 Self created SWOT diagram. Porter five forces have been used to determine the competitive and the magnetism of the market value and to understand the AirAsia competitive advantage. Table below shows the porter five forces: PORTER FIVE FORCES Competitive rivalry within an industry. This would be the matrix segment of geographical and demography market. AirAsia competitor would be Tiger Airlines and Firefly which both of them also provides cheap flight and several same routes. AirAsia also claim that they dont have any additional fees which are not true. They have several hidden fees which are booking seats and luggage fees which could create a problem in price issue. Population of middle class income is increasing hence creates a huge opportunities for the airlines therefore airlines have to slash price among each another due to customer are not loyal and they tend to switch easy from different company to another Threat of new entry Branding is one of the major factors for new entry. Entry within this industry not only required high cost but also a branding image. New entry is required to impress the investors so that they can make a huge investment in the industry. Government legislation is also an issue where new airlines cant get a new permit flight route from the government. For example if AirAsia want to add more flight route to other county, this would be a barrier for them due to government permit and it will affect their profit. Different service product being offered by competitors where AirAsia provided travel packages around Asia besides only selling air ticket. AirAsia also have great connection with tourism companies around the Asia country thus making this harder for new competitor to compete. Bargaining power of supplier Bargaining power of buyers is strong and cost of switching airlines is low. AirAsia is not the only the airlines which offer low cost operation in Asia. Other competitor prices are not so much different than AirAsia. This will create customer to choose their most suitable schedule of airlines that fits them the best. Two major planes supplier which is Airbus and Boeing. Both of them are having the same standard aircraft which mostly AirAsia ordered in a large amounts from Airbus in order to expand their flight routes. This creates a strong relationship and big discount. Bargaining power of buyer Buyers nowadays are more informed and IT savvy. They are more sensitive to price change making they have more choices to compare with other airlines which its easy for customer to change to other airlines that offer the same service. Customer of Airasia is mostly individual /group travelers which their air tickets purchase is being purchase individual. This makes the bargaining power buyer is strong. AirAsia also have bad image when it comes to flight delays issue. Customer tends to choose other airlines to make sure they reach their destination on time. Threat of substitute product When the price of airlines is expensive, customer will look for a substitute. Price also depends on the booking time and flights date. The longer booking dates are cheaper compare to shorter booking dates. If the ticket is purchase last minute, which cost higher price, customer tends to switch to other airlines such as MAS or Singapore Airlines which offers premium services Some of the traveling purpose would be a business meeting which is now being taken over by the Internet industry. These meeting can be replaced with calls such as video conferencing which can take place within the office premises to save company traveling cost. Figure 3.0 Self created Porter Five Forces diagram. AirAsia adapted the theory of market segment where penetrate into the low cost carrier and the ability to compete among other competitor in the field business. Those methods are: The use of E-commerce in the AirAsia system. They have implement a E-commerce business tool making it one of the kind that allows a AirAsia to sell product, advertise, purchase supplies, bypass and track inventory, cutting down the paperwork and sharing information over the e-portal. This system has improved productivity and higher profitability and yet minimizing the cost of expenses in the company According to Pultorak (2004), when a business strategy mix with IT, the IT platform can be modify to meet business needs and respond to certain user requirement. Example would be the IT platform online system that AirAsia implemented. Customer reservation system (CRS) is a user friendly web-based system which allows user to make reservation, choosing their own seat at various prices, printing out their own e-ticketing and self check-in online which saves ample times. This also helps to cut down the middleman or travel agents cost. All this was being implemented to archive the lowest cost of an airline can possible achieved The use of ERP system in the AirAsia system. Its a use of software that develops a support decisions with planning and controlling the business Its integrated software to make the IT system more effective and efficiently which has been successfully maintain the process of integrity data, reduced month end closing processing time, increase in speed up of data reporting and data retrieval process The system also helps AirAsia to capture their daily operation transaction as well as the operational cost. As the result from both of this system, AirAsia has move from the traditional business method and transform it into an E-commerce system which allows them to achieved their goals and objective to be one of the lowest carrier airplanes in the world This essay describes the strategic management use of implementation of certain tools such as PESTEL, SWOT and Porter Five Forces analysis. Those tools make AirAsia achieve their capability, scope and goals Making use of the IT system and E-commerce has also lead AirAsia to be one of the low cost carriers in the airplane industry. AirAsia chooses strategic management method based on the competition in airlines industry is tough. Other airlines companies are trying to figure out strategic ways to compete among their industry which strategic management has become one of the tools factor to survive in their business industry. None the less airlines need to consider on how to integrate the system as well as the main factors such as external and internal process

Negative Leadership Essay -- Leadership

A few years ago I worked at a company that defined the concept of negative leadership. The firm was a start-up company and had a tremendous opportunity for growth, but the potential of the company depended on how the managerial staff and the administration handled the human resources. The company was providing an innovative service for major companies around the world. The company started off well offering the employees prizes for the best monthly performance and a bonus for extra production. "Anyone can say that they have integrity, but a person's actions are the real indicator of their character. Your character determines who you are. Who you are determines what you see. What you see determines what you do. That's why you can never separate a leader's character from his actions. If a leader's actions and intentions are continually working against each other, then look to his character to find out why." (Maxwell, 1999) Everyone in the industry was excited about the prospects of working for this firm. Unfortunately, things turned sour rather quickly, as the leadership team of...

Education: United States vs. Ukraine Essay

There are 1.8 million people coming to the United States every year. According to U.S. census estimates, in 2006 there were 961,113 Americans of Ukrainian descent representing 0.33% of the American population. The Ukrainian population in the United States is thus the second largest outside the former Soviet Union. One of the reasons is that the education is more progressive and flexible, which makes it easier for people to attain their educational goals. In different countries and in different cultural environments, education has different forms, methods and meanings for people. Given the opportunity to attend schools in Ukraine and in the United States, I could not help but notice the differences between the two educational systems. The U.S. educational system is more liberal, comprehensive, and specialty focused when compared to the Ukrainian system. The educational system of Ukraine is continuously changing due to the transitional period of the country from the former Soviet Union . During the Soviet period, educational organizations in Ukraine were state-supported institutions, none of which had religious affiliations. As cultural environment changes, this is no longer true for the modern Ukraine. Nowadays, all schools, from pre-school to the institutions of higher education, have Christian classes in their curricular activities. Contrary to the state-sponsored education of the Soviet era, there are both public and private educational establishments, all of which must be accredited by the Ministry of Education of Ukraine. Primary and secondary education comprise pre-school through grade 11. The components of primary level of education are pre-school programs which are attended by two-third of all Ukrainian children. Children ages 6 months to 3 years are enrolled in nursery schools. Children ages 3 to 6 years are enrolled in kindergartens. Then starts secondary education: elementary in grades 1 – 4; lower secondary in grades 5 – 9; and upper secondary in grades 10 – 11. Grades 1 through 9 are collectively called Incomplete (General) Secondary Education, and grades  10 and 11 are called Complete Secondary education. Three types of institutions also offer the upper secondary school curriculum: the general academic schools, the secondary vocational-technical schools and the specialized secondary school. Regardless of the type of upper secondary training completed, Ukrainian students have the right to continue their education at a postsecondary institution. Applications are accepted from citizens who meet the following criteria: * students have completed secondary education; * for full-time study students must be under 35 years of age and there are no age limits for part-time or evening study; * students have passed a competitive entrance examination set by each institution of higher education. There are three types of grading systems in Ukraine. Ordinarily universities used a traditional 5-point scale: â€Å"5† = â€Å"excellent†, â€Å"4† = â€Å"good†, â€Å"3† = â€Å"acceptable†, â€Å"2† = â€Å"unacceptable†. Since 2006, university students are graded on a rating scale of 0 to 100. These grades can be transformed to the 5-point scale approximately as follows: from 91 to 100 means â€Å"5†, from 71 to 90 means â€Å"4†, from 51 to 70 means â€Å"3†, from 0 to 50 means â€Å"2†. Both the rating scale and the 5-point scale are used in university registers at the present. As for secondary schools, they also used the 5-point scale until 2000. Since 2000 secondary schools use a 12-point scale, which could be transformed into the traditional 5-point scale as follows: â€Å"12† = â€Å"5+†, â€Å"11† = â€Å"5†, â€Å"10† = â€Å"5-† and so on. Education in the United States follows a pattern similar to that in the Ukrainian system. Early childhood education is followed by elementary school, middle school, high school, and then postsecondary education. Postsecondary education includes non-degree programs that lead to certificates and diplomas plus six degree levels: associate, bachelor, first professional, master, advanced intermediate, and research doctorate. The U.S. system does not offer a second or higher doctorate, but does offer postdoctorate research programs. Contrary to the Ukrainian system, in the United States people can go to college at any age and also have homeschooling programs. The most common grade scale in the United States is the letter grade: â€Å"A† through â€Å"F†, which is derived from a scale of 0–100 points. The following table shows the transformation: A| B| C| D| F| | | –| | | –| | | –| | | –| | 100-97| 96-93| 92-90| 89-87| 86-83| 82-80| 79-77| 76-73| 72-70| 69-67| 66-63| 62-60| Below 60 Percent| One of the big differences between two systems is course schedule. In Ukraine students have to follow a particular schedule made to satisfy the educational institution program, while in the United States students have flexibility in scheduling their classes. For example, if I start any level of secondary or postsecondary education in Ukraine, I will be assigned to a group of 20-30 people (called a â€Å"class†), who have the same schedule and we don’t have to register for any classes, because everything is already prepared for us. Nowadays, in US I make my own schedule that satisfies my choice of degree requirements and my work hours. Another big difference is the availability and accessibility of technology to students. In Ukraine, schools and colleges are very underfunded which results in poor or no equipment. Students in Ukraine do not have as many resources as students in the United States have, unless they come from wealth. Some people say that lack of technology lowers the quality of education. I believe the use of technology is helpful, has a significant positive effect on students and is just more fun; however it does not affect the quality of education. Taking into consideration all the similarities and differences of both educational systems, the Ukrainian system dictates to students each step of the educational process, while the US system is more flexible, provides more freedom and advanced technology. Overall, learning in the United States is a great opportunity that not everyone has. Thus, those who have it should make the most of the chance to learn.

Aloha Products Essay

Q1. Evaluate the current control systems for the manufacturing, marketing and purchasing departments of Aloha Products. Solution: From the case we can see that Aloha products is structured on a cost basis; however the control system is attempting to measure each plant on a profit basis. Thus the company have a centralized control system. This means that the main office takes all the main decisions regarding purchases, production, sales, marketing and promotions in order to save costs. However, the plant managers are responsible for their profit and loss and are evaluated on the basis of their performance despite lack of adequate control over the activities by managers of the managed plant. This type of structure is an unfair way of measuring the performance of the individual production plants. Based on the current system evaluating the three major departments of Aloha Products are described below: Evaluation of manufacturing departments: There are three production plants within AP’s manufacturing department; each plant is responsible for their own profits and losses. Unfortunately the managers have no control over any of the major activities in their respective production facilities; the vice president of the manufacturing oversees all of the roasting, grinding, and packaging processes. Production schedules are provided to each plant manager for the current and following month. The plant managers also have no control over the green beans purchase, production schedule, production mix, or the costs of their inputs, as the purchasing departing assigns the costs based on specific contract for that shipment. If the inputs exceeded plant’s requirements, they are sold at the spot rate in the market, and could very well result in a loss. Evaluation of purchasing departments: The purchasing department is responsible for obtaining the required quantities and types of green coffee to be roasted in production plants. The level of sophistication and expertise needed makes this department a necessity; proper staffing is vital based on the complexity of the green coffee market. This department relies on the relationships with growers and brokers; for smaller firms, an important feature of this department is their ability to foresee demand and required inventory and subsequently entered into forward contracts with brokers anywhere between three to twelve months in advance. The costs of each shipment are based on specific contracts for those green coffee beans, which can vary based on the various price drivers as mentioned earlier. This can create diversified and volatile costs of inventory. Required inventory demand is based on communication between marketing (sales) and the purchasing department, any discrepancies at the current date is met by the purchases through the spot market, which incurs significantly higher costs. The costs associated with running this purchasing department are charged to headquarters of AP. Currently there is no communication between purchasing and manufacturing department. Furthermore, purchasing department does not need to report to head office or meet any performance measurement standards. Ultimately power resides with upper management of the purchasing unit. Evaluation of marketing (sales) departments: Under the current structure, this department is centralized. The president of AP and vice president of sales are in charge of advertising and promotion of the final products. The marketing department also determines the budgeted sales, which are then passed onto purchasing department. Q2. Considering the company’s competitive strategy, what changes, if any would you make to the control systems for the three departments? Solution: The changes to the current control systems involves establishing accountability and effective communication among the three departments and providing key measures to evaluate the manager’s performance objectively. Recommendations for the current management control systems are as follows: Recommendations for manufacturing departments The manufacturing department is currently profit centre. However, the plants do not have control over the costs of the green coffee. Thus the main concern of this department as a whole should be efficiency; how well they can control the costs to roast green coffee. As such, here the recommendation would be to make manufacturing department’s plants be accountable for the costs incurred to roast and package the green coffee. The performance measure for the manufacturing department at AP should be evaluated based solely on the roasting, grinding, and packaging of AP’s coffees. It would be unfair to evaluate manufacturing as a profit centre, when in reality it has little to no control over product costs or sales. Since control over purchasing and selling will not be transferred to the manufacturing department in this proposal, it is logical to assess based on controllable factors such as cost/pound only. Thus instead of being assessed for the performance of the purchasing and marketing departments, plant managers will now have the incentive to ensure their costs do not vary from the standard. It will still be possible to evaluate roasting plants based on gross margin as well. However to ensure the plant managers are not penalized for the fluctuations in the costs of green coffee contracts, a standard cost for green coffee would have to established and used in the computation of gross margin. Recommendations for purchasing departments The purchasing department’s costs are being charged to central office. Due to this the purchasing department is not being held accountable for the contracts it is entering into. The purchasing department’s main concern should be actual contract costs. Thus, we recommend that the purchasing department be accountable for the difference between the actual costs per signed contracts and standard costs of green coffee raw materials. The actual costs should be measured in a similar manner to the current practice. Contract costs related to buying and selling in the spot market should not be included in the computed price per bag. A reasonable standard costing for the green coffee contracts will have to be established based on discussions between management and executives in the purchasing department. The standard costs could potentially be based on the average of spot price over past 6 months. Thus, the recommendation here would be that this standard cost be updated every quar ter, in order to provide accurate standard costs of green coffee raw materials. Recommendations for marketing (sales) departments The marketing department focuses its efforts on advertising and promotion, however, it is not held responsible for the costs it incurs or how accurate their sales forecasts/budgets are. There is a large costs associated with differences between the forecasted requirements and actual requirements. The difference results in the purchases or sales at the spot price for the green coffee, which tends to costs more than the forward contract prices. It is not reasonable for the marketing department to perfectly forecasts sales and therefore there should be leniency in developing a method of accountability for this department. The goal here is not only to hold each group accountable but also to make sure managers feel they are being evaluated fairly and motivated to improve performance. In keeping with this actual sales volume should be compared to forecasted sales volume. This will not only help to keep the marketing department accountable for their activities but will also allow the forecasts methodology to be reviewed and continuously improve. Thus on an overall basis, the company needs to establish goal congruence between the three departments. This can be achieved through emphasizing communication between departments; this would encourage the forecasts of purchases/sales to be more accurate. In order to increase the goal congruence and communication, the department should also be evaluated based on the overall measure for the firm. This measure could be Economic Value added (EVA) as when it is applied, managers will not just be focussed on their own departments profitability but also that of company as a whole. The EVA approach promotes the same profit objectives across different departments. Thus by keeping the same structural organizations and only changing the way each department is evaluated, the incentive plan for each department more accurat ely reflects what each department can control.

Communication Sytem

At the very beginning the message is encoded in a particular channel then it is sent and as soon as it is sent the message gets decoded by the receiver and then a feedback is sent back to let the sender know that message was received and understood.The functions are very simple and easy, communication is used for exchanging information, instructions, opinions and reinforce the establishment of all the relationships and even discuss problems.Through this, organizations meritoriously communicate with their employee's by giving instructions and informing them about NY changes in the organization. They also use it to motivate or even argue with some employees and it also helps to ask for approval or even show proposals in particular. The functions of communication are very simple that is required to forward clear-cut information only to the proposed precipitant in a suitable way. It should help identifying the users needs and wants. Telephonic devices:- Its is a primary source of communi cation, that can be used between two or even more individuals.Video and web conferencing:- A form of visual communication used by the organization to connect with their outer source ND their shareholders Social networking sites:- Each organization has page in the social networking sites in order to keep their customers, fans updated with their all new and their upcoming products. Online chat tools:- This tool is used mainly between the customers and organization. For example:- An Apple's customer has a problem with of the Apple products and it is late at night or even the customer is far from any Apple repair shop so this chat tool is to connect them.Fax:- Fax machines are an old sources of communication, which still exists. It provides the exact copies of comments, which is made through telecommunication. People who use this tool are suppliers, managers, Employees, etc. Emails:- They are electronically letters that are sent electronically to a number of accounts. It is one of the m ost preferred tools. Managers, suppliers, employees, government, and customers use it. Letters:- It is a written form of communication. Reports:- written reports of an earlier investigations and observations.Posters:- it is large printed posters that is a mixture of drawings, pictures and written information that is mainly used advertising, publication etc. It used used by government, supervisors to customers, suppliers and the general public. Flyers:- It is given out to large amount of people, it's a form of advertising. Organizations, suppliers and government to the customers and the general public use it. Billboards:- Large boards that is placed outside used for advertisements or even announcements. MEMO:- It provides the organization with permanent records for internal messages which also adds formality to internal communication.Meetings:- It helps with knowing everyone's ideas and opinions and discuses the ideas and also discuses did range of problems and resolve them. Training :-it provides the employees a better knowledge about the up coming products with the upcoming software's. Advertisements:- It is an important tool in Apple. Len, to communicate with their customers. They use different types of advertisement tools such as news paper adds, magazines, websites, social media, news letters, television ads, Youth ads etc.Time: – The time that is needed in order to prepare a message and the time time that is needed to forward the message by any form of tool, when there is a solution within he urgency of the message then only Apple can choose a form of communication. Distance:- The distance the message travels in by any form of tool. Apple needs to consider how much time will a massage need to be transmitted. Written records:- Written records can be used as proof, conformation, legal purposes or even stored which also can be copied and sent to the other party. Feed back:- For an effective communication instant feedback is needed.Confidentiality:- Due to the tools that are chosen the confidentiality might be lost. Such as telephone calls can be over heard, mails can be hacked, faxes can be read by any standing by the machine and letters can be read. Recipient:- Apple needs to consider the type of recipient in order for it send the message to be sent. Cost:- The cost of the message must not exceed the cost, in which Apple needs to find the least conceivable expense. Telephone:- Telephonic conversation needs time, confidentiality and the distance needs to looked after.The telephonic conversations are one of the steadiest ways to communicate to any one, but according to research, Apple uses this to communicate tit their shareholders. And it also depends on the urgency of the information that needs quick actions upon it. This tool could be taken as a confidential tool to exchange or pass out information. Even though, this tool is an easy way of communicating with all their shareholders but there are cases were there will be a proble m with networking system or no response from the other person. So if the information is very important and can't wait.And incase of international calls, Apple has to check the time zone. Even if it is the fastest and easiest but the risk beaming. Over-heard is heard. Emails:- It is one o the tools that communication in an easy to the customers, stakeholders this is where are able to communicate faster. They can send their feed distance is a no problem, emails can be sent to were ever the stakeholder is delivered easily. Some times, stakeholders don't replay back to emails sent due to some reasons. 3. 3 – Implement improvements to ensure greater integration of systems of communication in Apple Inc.Apple is all about simple marketing and effective communication, but there is always room for simplicity. According to Apple it should be smarter, functional, better and easier to use, they have this thing as that the business is all about problems and solving them for some one else, so the simplify all the process for all the clients. Apple's communication are:- Apple's images Apple's connections Apple associates weak communication with weak product or the opposite. To Apple,Len. Visual matters are very important, Apple's ads has lots of white space in it, they are designed that show the sense of openness.So it makes it easy on the customers to understand the key message. There commercials aren't even the length of a song but within the few that short minute the message is understood and it makes customers want the new lunching product. Its like you understand what they want you to understand. â€Å"Corporate communications teams need to Join the dots between strategy, behaviors and technology, to improve the flow and quality of communication and collaboration. † 3. 4 – Create personal plan to improve own personal communication skills.